Practice with Terminals

It is a text based interface system where you can type commands and it will give you a response. The shell is actually dictating how the terminal will behave and looks after running commands.

pwd which stands for Print Working Directory. It tells you what your current or present working directory is.
There are 2 types of paths we can use, absolute and relative. Whenever we refer to a file or directory we are using one of these paths. Whenever we refer to a file or directory, we can, in fact, use either type of path
~ (tilde) - This is a shortcut for your home directory. eg, if your home directory is /home/user then you could refer to the directory Documents with the path /home/user/Documents or ~/Documents
. (dot) - This is a reference to your current directory. eg in the example above we referred to Documents on line 4 with a relative path. It could also be written as ./Documents
.. (dotdot)- This is a reference to the parent directory. You can use this several times in a path to keep going up the hierarchy. eg if you were in the path /home/user you could run the command ls ../../ and this would do a listing of the root directory.

More About Files

A file extension is normally a set of 2 - 4 characters after a full stop at the end of a file, which denotes what type of file it is. The following are common extensions:
file.exe - an executable file, or program.
file.txt - a plain text file.
file.png, file.gif, file.jpg - an image
Linux actually has a very simple and elegant mechanism for specifying that a file or directory is hidden. If the file or directory’s name begins with a . (full stop) then it is considered to be hidden
file obtain information about what type of file a file or directory is.
ls -a List the contents of a directory, including hidden files.

The manual pages are a set of pages that explain every command available on your system including what they do, the specifics of how you run them and what command line arguments they accept
man Look up the manual page for a particular command.
man -k
Do a keyword search for all manual pages containing the given search term.
/ Within a manual page, perform a search for 'term'
n After performing a search within a manual page, select the next found item

The command is mkdir which is short for Make Directory
The first one is -p which tells mkdir to make parent directories as needed
The second one is -v which makes mkdir tell us what it is doing (as you saw in the example above, it normally does not).
The command to remove a directory is rmdir, short for remove directory
to create blank files use the command touch
cp Copy - ie. Copy a file or directory.
mv Move - ie. Move a file or directory (can also be used to rename).
rm Remove - ie. Delete a file